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Aleijadinho (b. Antônio Francisco Lisboa; 1730 or 1738 – November 18, 1814) was a Colonial Brazil-born sculptor and architect, noted for his works on and in various churches of Brazil. Born in Vila Rica (Rich Town), whose name was later changed to Ouro Preto (Black Gold), Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 1738 (sometimes said to be in 1730) he was the son of Manuel Francisco da Costa Lisboa, a Portuguese man and his African slave, Isabel. His father, a carpenter, had immigrated to Brazil where his skills were so in demand that he appears to have been elevated to the position of architect. When Antonio was young his father married and he was raised in his father's home along with his half siblings. It was there he is presumed to have learned the fundamentals of sculpture, architecture and the combination of the two. Antonio first appears as a day laborer working on the Church of Our Lady of Carmel in the town of Ouro Preto, a church designed by his father. Within a very short time he had become a noted architect himself and had designed and constructed the Chapel of the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto. He had also executed the carvings on the building, the most notable being a round bas-relief depicting St. Francis receiving the stigmata. In 1777 he began to show signs of a debilitating disease,〔(Rodrigo José Ferreira Bretas, "Traços Biográficos Relativo Ao Finado Antônio Francisco Lisboa, Distinto Escultor Mineiro Mais Conhecido Pelo Apelido De Aleijadinho." )〕 probably leprosy or possibly scleroderma,〔(Azevedo VF, "Could Aleijadinho have suffered from scleroderma?" )〕 and he received the name "o Aleijadinho", "The Little Cripple." Although disfigured and disabled, he continued sculpting with a chisel and hammer tied to his fingerless hands. Eventually he became more and more reclusive, working mostly at night. When he did go out in public, he would be carried through the streets in a covered palanquin by his slaves/assistants. ==The Twelve Prophets at Congonhas== His crowning achievement was the ''Twelve Prophets'' at the Sanctuary of Bom Jesus de Matosinhos at Congonhas. A wealthy businessman, Feliciano Mendes, had built the church to fulfill a vow made while he was desperately ill. Between 1800 and 1805 Aleijadinho sculpted the twelve soapstone figures by having his assistants strap his hammer and chisels to what remained of his hands, which did not at this point include fingers. Since he no longer had feet to stand on he had pads strapped to his knees up which he would climb the ladders needed to get him off the ground. The Twelve Prophets are arranged around the courtyard and stairway in front of the church. Image:Aleijadinho91.jpg|Isaiah, Congonhas Image:Aleijadinho8.jpg|Baruch, Congonhas Image:Aleijadinho9.jpg|Jonah, Congonhas Image:Aleijadinho94.jpg|Joel, Congonhas Image:Aleijadinho92.jpg|Hosea, Congonhas Image:Aleijadinho95.jpg|Daniel, Congonhas Image:Aleijadinho4.jpg|Sanctuary of Bom Jesus of Matosinhos, Congonhas 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aleijadinho」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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